There were few smaller bones. He was the earliest metalworker in Britain, and a man who came from central Europe. At Stonehenge, Beaker pottery is associated with all the major stone settings.Parts of one pot lay by the man’s feet but the remainder of it had already been disturbed. The accepted radiocarbon dates for this phase are 2440-2100 BC.Following the phasing proposed in the definitive excavation report on the 20th century excavations at Stonehenge by Ros Cleal, Karen Walker and Becky Montague, the first stone setting at Stonehenge was Phase 3i.Even if the similarity between Bedd Arthur and Stonehenge is not a coincidence, there are many, many, more bluestones at Stonehenge than in the stones of these other oval settings. Because of this, oxygen isotopes are good indicators of the climate a person was living in when the enamel on their teeth formed.Four of the pots were placed near the head of the articulated burial. But some things now look more likely. What had survived the electricity and water trenches was quite unexpected.The families of the Boscombe Bowmen brought the bluestones with their own hands.Analysis by the British Geological Survey showed that the Boscombe Bowmen’s teeth have a particularly high proportion of the strontium isotope, which shows that grew up in a place with a very high radiogenic, or radioactive background. When this setting was built is not known for certain, nor when it was dismantled though a sherd of comb decorated beaker pottery was found in the backfilling of one of the stone holes (Q5).Centuries of speculation have not yielded a definitive conclusion. One of the very few places that an oval stone setting similar to the Stonehenge Bluestone Oval can be found is high in the Preseli Hills at Bedd Arthur. The skulls were placed towards the feet of the articulated burial.This was a double arc of bluestones in what are known as the Q and R holes. There was not just one skeleton, there were also bones from several other people. It has been known since the 16th century that the sarsen stones came from near to Marlborough, 30 km north of Stonehenge.In Britain the earliest metalworker, the Amesbury Archer, an incomer from central Europe, lived between 2,400-2,200 BC. All these dates, from Stonehenge, from Ross Island, and the Amesbury Archer, lie in the earlier part of second half of the 3rd millennium BC. Above his face were two pots. The burial rite was unusual.In continental Europe tusks are often found in the same grave as stones used for metalworking, like the one found in the grave of the Amesbury Archer. The Bowmen’s teeth have a very high 87Sr/86Sr ratio.Although the oxygen isotopes of the Amesbury Archer showed that he came from continental Europe. It is possible that it was intended to reposition the existing bluestones in the Y and Z holes or to bring in new bluestones, but this did not take place. But this collective burial was in a single grave, something typical of the metal ages.All content © Wessex Archaeology unless otherwise stated.It was only 350 years later that the source of the bluestones was pinpointed. It is likely that timber settings stood before the stones were brought to the site.Both the decoration of the plaited cord beaker and the bone toggle point towards continental Europe, from where the Amesbury Archer came. The Boscombe Bowmen grave contained the collective burial of five adult males, a teenager (probably also male) and one, possibly two, children, together with objects made of flint (including a group of finely made arrowheads), seven Beakers, an antler pendant and a boars’ tusk. The transport of a single monument to Stonehenge does not seem to provide the complete solution for the Stonehenge bluestones.Like the Amesbury Archer, the enamel on the Bowmen’s teeth has provided the clue as to where they grew up.
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