In an effort to brand public housing as a permanent and desirable way of life, NYCHA oversaw tenant selections for the new buildings, allotting only 5-8 percent of units to welfare families; the same rationale governed the initial lack of enforced income ceilings, which NYCHA hoped would sustain economic diversity across the developments. The Community Development Act of 1974 ushered in Section 8 housing and the housing choice voucher program. Affordable housing in New York is inseparable from its long and complicated history. Equitable’s Clinton Hill Apartments, Met Life’s Stuyvesant Town and Peter Cooper Village, and New York Life’s Fresh Meadows were envisioned as large, private enclaves with ready access to the city beyond. Rent for these units was collected weekly; an apartment in the Queensbridge Houses in 1941 cost, including gas and electricity, $5.70 per week—$185 adjusted for 2013.Yet, in the aftermath of government divestment, the city has struggled to keep up with demand. This balance has been an exceedingly tricky one over time; crime rates would often creep up with the substantial departure of working residents, and yet projects occupied mainly by the employed seemed to be missing the point of public housing. Modern homelessness in New York City is a social condition that can be traced back to the economic changes made during the Great Depression. The book notes how:Old troubles that recall the era of Jacob Riis [at the turn of the 20th century]—some potentially quite hazardous like overcrowding and the habitation of unauthorized basements and partitioned rooms—became serious problems again for the first time in decades.In response, NYCHA built more towers and began stratifying occupancy by income bracket. But the 1926 law resulted in only slightly more developments than the continued efforts of private investors, among them John D. Rockefeller, who in the same year forewent Stein’s tax abatements and independently built the Dunbar Apartments for African American families, proving (in his mind) that government involvement was not necessary to create affordable housing.
In particular, the city’s housing stock and mental health policies had the greatest influence on homelessness and affordable housing in the 1950s. The Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) offers a wide variety of programs that create newly constructed or renovated affordable rental housing throughout the five boroughs. New York City – a city defined by its diversity and progressive politics – is also known for its high cost of living. Architecturally, these complexes were a departure from the brick towers, and differed also by incorporating amenities like hospitals and cultural centers, which were lacking from the lower-income projects.Each of the city’s housing complexes contain within it a legacy of change, conflict, and opportunity that’s both site-specific and representative of the era in which it was built. NYCHA also navigated a queasy realm of initially radicalized projects, with only a few open to African-Americans, and the effective quota formulas to maintain racial diversity in individual projects subsequently.These housing projects emulated the European model of using mass housing as a solution for the middle classes as much for the poor, and, in early practice, the developments helped balance the poverty-relief pressures of federal authorities and NYCHA’s broader aims to house the working and lower-middle classes.
In reality, New York’s housing conditions are not so different from those of other large cities. NYC Housing Connect.
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