'We processed terabytes of word co-occurrence data from Google Books to understand how the meaning of words has changed over time, and we validate our findings using only words with the most stable historical meanings. 'But unfortunately things did not pan out as people might have hoped and national happiness fell for many years until the low-point of the Winter of Discontent. Most had returned to work by the end of February after a total of 29,474,000 working days having been lost to strike action. A number of important strikes were launched, several of which still evoke images iconic of the struggle during the winter of 1978-79. Jim Callaghan's Labour government refused demands of increases of 30 per cent and more for public workers.In order to tackle this problem, the researchers took a key insight from psychology - that more often than not what people say or write reveals much about their underlying happiness level.Published by Associated Newspapers LtdThe study was led by researchers at the University of Warwick, University of Glasgow Adam Smith Business School and The Alan Turing Institute in London.Patients went untreated and even the dead were left unburied, as council grave-diggers took what was quaintly referred to as 'industrial action'.Jane Fonda raises her clenched fist towards the demonstrators at an Anti Vietnam War Demonstration outside the White House, Washington DC, America - 09 May 1970The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline.One theory as to why books and newspaper articles are such a good source of data is that editors prefer to publish pieces which match the mood of their readers. The title comes from the first two lines of William Shakespeare's Richard III: "Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this sun of York". So, from what I can tell, he reminisces about all the people that did good and earned a flame. 'But people quickly returned to their previous levels of subjective well-being after these events were over.But data for most countries is only available from 2011 onwards and for a select few from the mid 1970s.People in the UK were revealed to be at their least happy in 1978 during the 'Winter of Discontent', more so than during the first and second world wars.As recorded by the researchers, the happiness level only reached a comparable level to the inter-war years in the 1990s and pre credit crunch boom years in the early 2000s.He added: 'For example, the word 'gay' had a completely different meaning in the 1800s than it does today.Governments the world over are making increasing use of 'national happiness' data derived from surveys to help them consider the impact of policy on national wellbeing.Rubbish piled high in the streets and rats ran around in Leicester Square as dustbin men and other public sector workers went on strike to support a pay rise demand in the winter of discontent (1978)National Valence Index plotted from 1820 to 2009. There may currently be uncertainty surrounding Brexit now, but 40 years ago, the UK was plunged into chaos. Brits and Americans were at their happiest in the 1920s and after the end of WW2 - and at their unhappiest in the 'winter of discontent' and after Vietnam Not really -it was exaggerated by the media and mostly localised, but it badly damaged the public's mood. The rubbish attracted rats and, rather indistinguishably, the conservative media, who used pictures of the Square in an attempt to discredit the strikers. Arts and Humanities. The term Winter of Discontent comes from Shakespeare's play Richard III, but it was used in an interview by Callaghan, and was seized upon by the capitalist news media to attack the trade unions, both then and ever since.
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