The Astronomy of the Stonehenge/Avebury Complex.
However, he also noticed that the Heel Stone was placed slightly to the right of the exact summer solstice point of sunrise, which seemed strange, since this offset could not be explained by a change in the obliquity of the ecliptic since the monument was constructed. Stukeley worked on the assumption that Stonehenge’s’ builders had used “[a]magnetic compass to lay out the works, the needle varying so much, at that time, from true north.” It is not exactly clear how much “so much” was, but essentially, Stukeley and Halley attempted to calculate the variation between the actual, and the ideal position of the point of (summer solstice) sunrise relative to the Heel Stone, which based upon their calculations pointed towards the year 460 BC as being the date that Stonehenge was constructed. On the other hand, was it used for something else entirely, something we have not even thought about yet? [citation needed] Stonehenge 1 probably needed around 11,000 man-hours (or 460 man-days) of work, Stonehenge 2 around 360,000 (15,000 man-days or 41 years). Together with J.B. White, Hawkins published his findings in 1965 in a book called ‘Stonehenge Decoded’ in which the authors claim that apart from anything else, Stonehenge was in fact a “Neolithic computer”.Was Stonehenge an ancient observatory? Stonehenge’s Multiphase Construction . In the 1960s, a new theory surfaced that claimed Stonehenge was the work of ancient astronomers, and that its giant stone pillars were used to predict eclipses of the moon and sun. The problem remained unresolved until evidence was uncovered that a second stone to the left of the extant Heel Stone was placed so that the sunrise would have been “framed” between the two stones.Moreover, Hawkins also stated that by moving markers from one Aubrey hole (named after their discoverer) to the next in varying patterns, it was possible to predict lunar eclipses. These are some of the enduring questions that will likely continue to surround this mysterious ancient Neolithic and Bronze Age monument whose construction began more than 5,000 years ago.In the 18th century, a feature of this iconic Neolithic monument known as the Avenue was subsequently discovered which first made it evident that the structure was oriented with the Summer Solstice sunrise. Archaeologists believe England most iconic prehistoric ruin was built in several stages, with the earliest constructed 5,000 or more years ago. Only decades ago, it was first proposed that Stonehenge — whatever its primary purpose — at least additionally functioned as an ancient astronomical “observatory”. The incorporation of light boxes into megaliths is one of the few direct proofs of the link between megaliths and astronomy, as their purpose was the manipulation of light into the passage mounds at certain times of the year only. Furthermore, some human remains have been found near and even under some standing stones, perhaps pointing towards Stonehenge being primarily used as an important place of sun worship, and a religious burial site.Nonetheless, despite the lack of definitive knowledge about why Stonehenge was built and what it was used for, there is no doubt that the structure had played a major role in the lives and religious beliefs of several cultures over a very long period, but what exactly that role had been is very much less than clear.Unlike William Stukeley, who had found only one astronomical alignment at Stonehenge, researcher Gerald Hawkins found several dozen alignments with the Sun and the Moon using the Harvard-Smithsonian IBM computer, which in 1963, was not only a sort of supercomputer, but a novelty as well.Part of the problem of determining exactly how much the builders of Stonehenge knew about the movements of celestial bodies involves the British climate. Nevertheless, we can only theorize as to the main reasons why so much time and energy was spent on building Stonehenge and other nearby, similar structures. This fact leads many historians to abandon the idea that the monument was built with astronomy in mind, believing instead it was mathematics. It is also aligned with the most southerly rising and northerly setting of the moon. But was there anything to the idea? There are numerous theories about the purpose of Stonehenge -- but the design of the mysterious ring of standing stones, some of which are 30 feet high, serves as evidence of the dawn of astronomy.
Speculations abound regarding mystical religious significance, human sacrifices, and Druids. And he pushed it even further. So he developed the idea that Stonehenge had indeed been an astronomical observatory. Instead, Thom focused on looking for features in the surrounding landscape that could possibly mark astronomical alignments, with the line between the landscape feature and Stonehenge as a whole serving as the sightline.Based on recently discovered evidence, however, it appears that the site may only have been used during the winter season, since the age of bones and teeth from pigs slaughtered at nearby Durrington Walls suggests that the animals were around 9 months old at their times of death, and therefore born in the spring and killed during December and January of each year.
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