When policymakers think about how to obtain compliance, they often adopt implicitly an instrumental perspective.People obey the law if they believe it’s legitimate, not because they fear punishment–this is the startling conclusion of Tom Tyler’s classic study.
For example, increasing the severity and certainty of punishment for committing a crime has frequently been viewed as an effective way of reducing the rate at which the crime is committed.
Tom Tyler (born Vincent Markowski, August 9, 1903 – May 1, 1954) was an American actor known for his leading roles in low-budget Western films in the silent and sound eras, and for his portrayal of superhero Captain Marvel in the 1941 serial film The Adventures of Captain Marvel.Tyler also played the mummy in 1940's The Mummy's Hand, a popular Universal Studios monster film.
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New York University. His many books include The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice, Social Justice in a Diverse Society, Cooperation in Groups, and Trust in the Law .
The second perspective is normative. The instrumental perspective on the citizen underlies what is known as the deterrence literature: people are viewed as shaping their behavior to respond to changes in the tangible, immediate incentives and penalties associated with following the law—to judgments about the personal gains and losses resulting from different kinds of behavior.
Tom R. Tyler.
2. Tom R. Tyler is University Professor at New York University, teaching in the Psychology Department and the Law School.
This normative commitment can involve personal morality or legitimacy. On this view we link legitimacy to the fairness and procedural justice of police behavior.
It also examines the connection between normative commitment to legal authorities and law-abiding behavior. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account.If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your usernameCan't sign in?
We thank Lisa Currie, Robb Magaw, Chris Muller, and Sarah Sayeed for help with the study.This study considers the circumstances under which members of the Muslim American community voluntarily cooperate with police efforts to combat terrorism.
Normative commitment through personal morality means obeying a law because one feels the law is just; normative commitment through legitimacy means obeying a law because one feels that the authority enforcing the law has the right to dictate behavior.
In that study, deterrence considerations—in particular, the likelihood of being punished—did shape behavior.
Stephen Schulhofer wishes to acknowledge the additional research support of the Filomen D'Agostino and Max E. Greenberg Research Fund at New York University School of Law and the excellent research assistance of Andrea Lofgren. Consider a study of everyday law-related behavior among a random sample of the residents of Chicago, detailed by Tyler (2006b). Stephen Schulhofer.
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