In its earliest incarnation, backhaul was simply described as the connection between the wireless network and wired network through either cable or optical fiber. The fronthaul bandwidth depends on the exact split point between the DU and the RU. In general terms, these requirements will be fairly “tight,” because of the coordination required between the radio units to both gain the efficient usage of the spectrum, but also to deal with coordination as subscribers move quickly from radio unit to radio unit (i.e. This has placed eCPRI fronthaul among the most important 5G technologies in operator surveys. Diese Technologie erlaubt, mehrere virtuelle Netze gleichzeitig zu betreiben. 2 Baseband Units and Radio Units Although frames may be intact and count towards throughput, the payload—whether video, voice, or data—may be corrupt. Einer der größten Telekommunikationsanbieter Indiens unterstützt mit seinem gesamten Netz bereits 5G und China Mobile will bis 2020 etwa 10.000 5G-Basisstationen errichten.5G utilizes a more intelligent architecture that is no longer constrained by base station proximity or complex infrastructures. 5G commercial rollouts are in full swing. 5G-Core-Architektur. Operators have also deployed additional links, upgraded connections, and where necessary, installed additional equipment.One motivation for operators to move to the disaggregated scenario comes from gains in spectrum utilization. Das IoT und das gegenseitiges Akzeptieren der Authentifizierungen (User Propagation) erzeugen eine exponentiell höhere Anzahl von Endpunkten, wobei viele Zugänge nicht mehr direkt vom Menschen überwacht werden.Die 5G-Core-Netzwerkarchitektur ist das Herzstück der neuen 5G-Spezifikation und ermöglicht den von 5G geforderten höheren Durchsatz. Option 8 is equivalent to the current CPRI configuration with the high-level split occurring between the low Physical layer of the BBU and the RRH.When CPRI and eCPRI are deployed simultaneously in a converged fronthaul configuration, a fronthaul transport network node (FTN) can be used to manage the Ethernet access ring. By desegregating the network, incorporating a high level of virtualization and implementing packet-based synchronization, these three very different 5G use cases can be effectively supported on the same network at the same time.The evolution of 5G fronthaul architecture has created eight discrete functional deployment options each with inherent benefits and drawbacks with respect to latency, capacity and complexity.
1) can best determine the utilization over all those units, maximizing the usage of the scarce resources (i.e. Keep in mind, as the number of radio units increases and the “radius” of the “cell” decreases, the number of handoffs between radios will increase, both in count and in regularity.Second—though not specific to 5G—there is a move to the disaggregation of network equipment.
5G RAN Architecture The 3GPP 5G RAN architecture – specified in Release 15 and known as NG-RAN – introduces new terminology, interfaces and functional modules. 1 as dedicated connections between the equipment installations (i.e a piece of fiber). The architecture connects all categories of the mobile network infrastructure, including fronthaul, midhaul, and backhaul. Da jede dieser kleineren Antennen die Strahlrichtung mehrmals pro Millisekunde neu festlegen kann, ist es möglich, die Sendekeulen („Beams“) gezielt auf die Nutzer auszurichten, also ein massives Beamforming durchzuführen, und so die Bandbreiten-Herausforderung von 5G zu bewältigen. Option 8 is equivalent to the … Let´s look at an example with a 5G NR Macro antenna site with a capacity in the range of 150-200 Gbps: a typical fronthaul network can aggregate up to 30 macro sites, giving traffic volumes of up-to 6 Tbps in a fronthaul network. Laut 3GPP nutzt das 5G-Kernnetz Core-Netz eine cloudorientierte, servicebasierte Architektur (SBA), die alle Funktionen und Interaktionen von 5G, einschließlich Authentifikation, Sicherheit, Sitzungsmanagement und Aggregation des Verkehrs von … Das Hauptziel der früheren Generationen von Mobilfunknetzen bestand schlicht darin, den Nutzern schnelle und zuverlässige mobile Datendienste zur Verfügung zu stellen. In the same way, the edge is needed to support the latency requirement and localized, massive data.As we move into a communications world offering new applications that are both highly capable yet highly demanding, fronthaul systems face stiff new challenges.Two other trends are RAN cloudification and Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) and xApps at the edge. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht das Network-Slicing, die Probeläufe für potenzielle neue 5G-Dienste zu beschleunigen und die Zeit bis zur Markteinführung zu verkürzen.Durch die Nutzung cloudbasierter Ressourcen, durch Virtualisierung, Network-Slicing und andere neue Technologien wird die Implementierung von 5G deutliche Leistungsvorteile und eine große Anwendungsvielfalt ermöglichen. Dazu gehört auch das Network-Slicing. Hierbei ist zu beachten, dass höhere Frequenzen auch eine größere Bandbreite ermöglichen, dafür aber die Reichweite sinkt. 5G-XHaul proposes a converged optical and wireless network solution able to flexibly connect Small Cells to the core network.
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